Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Significance: The prevalence and incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) tend to increase along with the enhanced average world life expectancy. NDDs are a major cause morbidity disability, affecting health care, social economic systems significant impact. Critical Issues Recent Advances: Despite worldwide burden ongoing research efforts underlying molecular mechanisms involved in NDD pathophysiologies, pharmacological therapies have been presenting merely narrow benefits. On contrary, absent detrimental side effects but growing merits, regular physical exercise (PE) has considered prone pleiotropic nonpharmacological alternative able modulate brain structure function, thereby stimulating healthier “fitness” neurological phenotype. Future Directions: This review summarizes state art some peripheral central-related that underlie impact PE on plasticity as well its relevance for prevention and/or treatment NDDs. Nevertheless, further studies needed better clarify signaling pathways associated muscle contractions-related myokines release plausible positive brain. In addition, particular focus should address role modulation mitochondrial metabolism oxidative stress context